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Water-soluble organic carbon release from mineral soils and sediments in an irrigated agricultural system. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The interaction of water with soil and vegetation in agricultural areas dramatically differs from that in natural landscapes, affecting the movement and sources of organic carbon (OC).
  • - In tilled soils, mineral horizons serve as a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and sediment for surface waters, while irrigated watersheds show increased levels of DOC and total suspended sediment during irrigation, indicating significant sediment-associated OC contributions.
  • - Experiments on sediment and soil from an agricultural watershed in northern California revealed that suspended sediments have the highest solubilization efficiency for water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), but a large portion of solid OC remains insoluble, suggesting that while WSOC contributes to annual DOC export, it underrepresents field-scale contributions

Article Abstract

Water interactions with soil and vegetation are greatly altered in agricultural watersheds compared to natural landscapes, which impacts sources and fates of organic carbon (OC). While mineral soil horizons in natural ecosystems primarily act as filters for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from organic surface horizons, tilled soils largely lack an organic horizon and their mineral horizons therefore act as a source for both DOC and sediment to surface waters. Irrigated watersheds highlight this difference, as DOC and total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations simultaneously increase during the low-discharge irrigation season, suggesting that sediment-associated OC may constitute a significant source of DOC. While water-soluble OC (WSOC) from sediments and soils has been found to be compositionally similar to stream DOC, these contributions remain poorly quantified in agricultural streams. To address this, we conducted abiotic solubilization experiments using sediments (suspended and bed) and soils from an irrigated agricultural watershed in northern California, USA. Sediments (R > 0.99) and soils (0.74 < R < 0.89) displayed linear solubilization behaviors over the range of concentrations tested. Suspended sediment from the irrigation season exhibited the largest solubilization efficiency (10.9 ± 1.6% TOC solubilized) and potential (1.79 ± 0.26 mg WSOC g dry sediment), followed by suspended sediment from a winter storm, then bed sediment and soils. Successive solubilization experiments increased the total release of WSOC by ∼50%, but most (88-97%) of the solid-phase OC remained insoluble in water. Using these solubilization potential estimates and measured TSS concentrations, we estimated that WSOC from suspended sediment in streams represented 4-7% of the annual DOC export from the watershed. However, field sediment export is much higher than what is represented by suspended sediment in the water column, therefore field-scale contributions from sediments could be much higher than estimated.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118184DOI Listing

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