Genome-Wide Analysis of the Genes in × and Their Relationship with Flowering and/or Dormancy.

The gene family is widely distributed in animals and plants and is involved in the regulation of their growth and development. In plants, genes play important roles in hormone signaling, biotic and abiotic stress, light-regulated photomorphogenesis, flowering, shade response, and pigment accumulation. However, there has been no systematic analysis of the family in × . In this study, we identified 39 genes from the . × genome, and used TBtools, MEGA, MEME, NCBI CCD, PLANTCARE and other tools for gene collinearity analysis, phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, conserved domain analysis, and promoter cis-element analysis, and used the qRT-PCR and transcriptome data for analyzing expression pattern of the genes. Collinearity analysis indicated segmental duplication was the main driver of the family in . × , and phylogenetic analysis showed that the PaBBX family was divided into five subfamilies: I, II, III, IV and V. Gene structure analysis showed that some genes contained super-long introns that may regulate their own expression. Moreover, the promoter of genes contained a significant number of cis-acting elements that are associated with plant growth and development, as well as hormone and stress responses. The qRT-PCR results and transcriptome data indicated that certain genes exhibited tissue-specific and stage-specific expression patterns, suggesting that these genes may have distinct regulatory roles in . × growth and development. In addition, some genes were regularly expressed during the annual growth of . × , corresponding to different stages of flower transition, dormancy, and bud break, indicating that these genes may be involved in the regulation of flowering and/or dormancy of . × . This article provided new ideas for the study of dormancy regulation and annual growth patterns in perennial deciduous plants.