We obtain expressions for the asymptotic distributions of the Rényi and Tsallis of order entropies and Fisher information when computed on the maximum likelihood estimator of probabilities from multinomial random samples. We verify that these asymptotic models, two of which (Tsallis and Fisher) are normal, describe well a variety of simulated data. In addition, we obtain test statistics for comparing (possibly different types of) entropies from two samples without requiring the same number of categories. Finally, we apply these tests to social survey data and verify that the results are consistent but more general than those obtained with a χ2 test.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25050734 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biostatistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Augusta University, 1120, 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Compartmental models with exponentially distributed lifetime stages assume a constant hazard rate, limiting their scope. This study develops a theoretical framework for systems with general lifetime distributions, modeled as transition rates in a renewal process. Applications are provided for the SVIS (Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Susceptible) disease epidemic model to investigate the impacts of hazard rate functions (HRFs) on disease control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China.
This paper investigates a consensus problem for a class of T-S fuzzy multiple-agent systems (MASs) with unknown input (UI). To begin with, an unknown input observer (UIO) is able to asymptotically estimate the system state and the UI is designed for each agent. In order to construct the UIO, the state interval estimation is obtained by first using zonotope theory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Communications Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
A core dielectric cylindrical rod wrapped in a dielectric circular pipe whose outer surface is enclosed by a helical conducting strip grating that is skewed along the axial direction is herein analyzed using the asymptotic strip boundary conditions along with classical vector potential analysis. Targeted for use as a cylindrical holographic antenna, the resultant field solutions facilitate the aperture integration of the equivalent cylindrical surface currents to obtain the radiated far fields. As each rod section of a certain skew angle exhibits a distinct modal attribute; this topology allows for the distribution of the cylindrical surface impedance via the effective refractive index to be modulated, as in gradient-index (GRIN) materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
The isotropic Cauchy distribution is a member of the central α-stable family that plays a role in the set of heavy-tailed distributions similar to that of the Gaussian density among finite second-moment laws. Given a sequence of observations, we are interested in characterizing the performance of Likelihood Ratio Tests, where two hypotheses are plausible for the observed quantities: either isotropic Cauchy or isotropic Gaussian. Under various setups, we show that the probability of error of such detectors is not always exponentially decaying with , with the leading term in the exponent shown to be logarithmic instead, and we determine the constants in that leading term.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Departamento de Economía y Empresa, Universidad de Almería (UAL), Almería, España.
This paper introduces two new goodness-of-fit tests for the geometric distribution based on discrete adaptations of the Watson W2 and Anderson-Darling A2 statistics, where the probability of success is unknown. Although these tests are widely applied to continuous distributions, their application in discrete models has been relatively unexplored. Our study addresses this need by developing a robust statistical framework specifically for discrete distributions, particularly the geometric distribution.
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