Novichoks constitute a relatively new class of nerve agents of extreme toxicity that we have had the opportunity to experience three times already. After the first case (Salisbury, UK), a public debate about Novichoks began, which resulted in the realisation of the nature of these chemicals. From a social security point of view, examining their properties, especially toxicological and environmental aspects, are crucial. After the CWC (Chemical Warfare Agent) list update, the candidate structures for the Novichoks may be over 10,000 compounds. It would be extremely laborious to conduct experimental research for each. Understanding their environmental persistence and health hazards is an essential national issue. Moreover, due to the high risk posed by contact with hazardous Novichok substances, in silico research was applied to estimate hydrolysis and biodegradation safely. The present study elucidates, using QSAR models, the environmental fate of the Novichoks studied (n = 17). The results indicate that Novichoks released into the environment hydrolyse at various rates, from extremely fast (<1 day) to very slow (more than a year). Furthermore, ultimate biodegradation from weeks to months is expected for most compounds, which classifies them as relatively difficult biodegradable. Applying reliable in silico methods (QSAR Toolbox and EPI Suite) for predicting various parameters is crucial to prepare for the upcoming usage of Novichoks.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164241 | DOI Listing |
AAPS PharmSciTech
January 2025
Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is widely used in a variety of long-acting injectables. However, its biodegradable nature creates potential chemical stability challenges during melt extrusion, where PLGA is exposed to elevated temperature (100-140 °C) for several minutes. This study evaluated the thermal stability of three PLGA grades (Resomer® 502, 502H, and 505) with varying molecular weights and chain-ends using a differential scanning calorimeter and twin-screw extruder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
January 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China. Electronic address:
Calcium deficiency has garnered significant attention as a global public health issue. A new generation of calcium supplements, peptide-calcium chelates, is expected to increase in market value. In this study, we produced MORP (MW < 1 kDa) from Moringa oleifera leaf protein via enzymatic hydrolysis for chelation with Ca to produce MORP-Ca.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of High-Value Utilization and Equipment Development of Marine Biological Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China; Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China; National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing 646000, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:
To explore the mechanism of Virgibacillus proteases on hydrolysis of shrimp myofibrillar protein (SMP) and formation of volatile compounds, the fermented broth of Virgibacillus halodenitrificans was purified and the protease was identified as peptidase S8. The enzyme had optimum activity at pH 7.0-8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China. Electronic address:
Starch is a widely used and economically important polymer; however, its industrial applications are limited by certain shortcomings, such as retrogradation and high digestion rate. To overcome these limitations, native starches can be hydrolyzed by β-amylase, resulting in the production of β-limit dextrin (β-LD) and maltose as a co-product. β-LD retains the original inner core structure of its parent amylopectin and contains truncated external chains that is not prone to form exterior chain helical.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
March 2025
Center of Food Colloids and Delivery for Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; China Agricultural University-Sichuan Advanced Agricultural & Industrial Institute, Sichuan, Chendu, 610046. Electronic address:
Cereal arabinoxylans (AX) are complex non-digestible polysaccharides and their molecular structural features significantly influence their degradation and metabolic behaviors within the body. This study focuses on investigating the impact of wheat AX hydrolysates produced by different glycoside hydrolases on the gut microbiota during colonic fermentation. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (XYN) and arabinofuranosidase (ARF) were used to hydrolyze the xylan backbone and remove the arabinose side chains, respectively.
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