Background: Excessive inflammation during pregnancy has been linked to adverse long-term health outcomes for both mothers and their children. One such outcome is maternal cardiometabolic dysfunction. The Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index is a method of scoring the overall inflammatory potential of the diet. Research on how the inflammatory potential of the maternal diet during pregnancy affects maternal cardiometabolic factors is limited.
Objective: We investigated if the maternal Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index was associated with maternal cardiometabolic factors during pregnancy.
Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of 518 individuals who participated in the ROLO (Randomized cOntrol trial of a LOw glycemic index diet in pregnancy) study. Maternal Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index scores were calculated in early (12-14 weeks' gestation) and late pregnancy (34 weeks' gestation) using data collected from 3-day food diaries. Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting lipid profiles, glucose levels, and HOMA1-IR were obtained in early and late pregnancy. Multiple linear regression examined associations between early-pregnancy Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and early and late maternal cardiometabolic markers. In addition, the relationship between late-pregnancy Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and late cardiometabolic factors was explored. Regression models were adjusted for maternal ethnicity, maternal age at delivery, education level, smoking status, and original randomized control trial group allocation. In regression models examining late-pregnancy Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index with late lipids, change in lipid level from early to late pregnancy was also adjusted for.
Results: Women's mean (standard deviation) age at delivery was 32.8 (±4.01) years, with median (interquartile range) body mass index of 24.45 (23.34-28.20) kg/m. Mean (standard deviation) Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index was 0.59 (±1.60) in early pregnancy and 0.67 (±1.59) in late pregnancy. In adjusted linear regression analysis, first-trimester maternal Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index was positively associated with maternal body mass index (=0.007; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.011; =.001), early-pregnancy cardiometabolic markers including total cholesterol (=0.155; 95% confidence interval, 0.061-0.249; =.001), triglycerides (=0.043; 95% confidence interval, 0.005-0.080; =.03), low-density lipoproteins (=0.129; 95% confidence interval, 0.049-0.209; =.002), and diastolic blood pressure (=0.538; 95% confidence interval, 0.070-1.006; =.02), and late-pregnancy cardiometabolic markers including total cholesterol (=0.127; 95% confidence interval, 0.012-0.243; =.01) and low-density lipoproteins (=0.110; 95% confidence interval, 0.010-0.209; =.03). In the third trimester, Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index was associated with late-pregnancy diastolic blood pressure (=0.624; 95% confidence interval, 0.103-1.145; =.02), HOMA1-IR (=0.030; 95% confidence interval, 0.005-0.054; =.02), and glucose (=0.003; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.034; =.03). No associations were observed between third-trimester Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and late-pregnancy lipid profiles.
Conclusion: Maternal diets with a higher Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index, which were low in anti-inflammatory foods and rich in proinflammatory foods, were associated with increased levels of cardiometabolic health risk factors in pregnancy. Promoting dietary intakes that have a lower inflammatory potential may support more favorable maternal cardiometabolic profiles during pregnancy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100214 | DOI Listing |
J Diabetes Metab Disord
June 2025
Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Objectives: To investigate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and osteosarcopenia using nationally representative data.
Methods: We utilized data from 1,418 men and women aged ≥ 50 years old participating in Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), a nation-wide, cross-sectional study conducted in 2021. Osteosarcopenia was defined based on standard criteria, considering the presence of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
Am J Clin Nutr
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address:
Background: A proinflammatory diet has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying metabolic roles remain to be elucidated.
Objective: To investigate the metabolic mechanism between proinflammatory diet and breast cancer risk.
J Nutr
January 2025
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address:
Objective: Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids is linked with cancer development. However, derivatives of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) produced via bacterial metabolism may mitigate the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic bile acids. The impact of diet on secondary bile acid (BA) derivative production has not been determined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEClinicalMedicine
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background: Limited studies have suggested an effect of dietary choline intake on uric acid levels. We aim to investigate the associations between choline intake and hyperuricemia (HUA), as well as the mediating role of kidney function in this relationship, among the Chinese population aged 6-17 years.
Methods: Participants were divided into quartiles according to residual energy-adjusted dietary choline intake in our cross-sectional study.
J Clin Periodontol
January 2025
Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Aim: Masticatory dysfunction due to tooth loss is a potentially modifiable risk for mortality, but the pathway behind that remains to be investigated. This prospective study aimed to examine the role of diet and ageing in the associations between chewing capacity and long-term mortality.
Methods: Data were obtained from participants (aged ≥ 20) in the National Health Nutritional and Health Survey (NHANES 1999-2010, n = 22,900).
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