Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by and and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm.

Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal nail infection caused by several filamentous and yeast-like fungi, such as the genus spp., of great clinical importance. Black yeasts, such as , a closely related spp. species, also act as opportunistic pathogens. Fungi infectious diseases are affected by organisms organized in biofilm in onychomycosis, making treatment even more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility profile to propolis extract and the ability to form a simple and mixed biofilm of two yeasts isolated from the same onychomycosis infection. The yeasts isolated from a patient with onychomycosis were identified as and . Both yeasts were able to form simple and mixed (in combination) biofilms. Notably, prevailed when presented in combination. The susceptibility profile of propolis extract showed action against and in planktonic form, but when the yeasts were in mixed biofilm, we only observed action against , until total eradication.