Is Integrated Management of Possible with and Novel Products Used in Citrus Orchards in Brazil?

In Brazil, the citrus fruit borer, Lima, 1927, is a serious pest in orange orchards, causing an annual loss of 80 million US dollars, and is managed with multiple insecticide applications, often 56 in a single season. On the other hand, the parasitoid wasp Oatman & Platner, 1983 has the potential for controlling by attacking its eggs. Considering the intensive insecticide applications in citrus orchards in Brazil to control the large complex of pests, especially Kuwayama, 1908, evaluation of the harmful effects of insecticides on is important to maximize efficiency in managing . Here, we tested the effects of new products used in citrus orchards (cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, spinetoram, flupyradifure, and (Wize) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora) on adults and pupae of . Of the insecticides tested, spinetoram caused the highest impacts on parasitism, longevity, emergence, and mortality. The other products caused more sublethal than lethal effects and were classified as 1 and/or 2 in the IOBC/WPRS classification. Abamectin, cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, and the entomopathogenic fungus were classified as short-lived. Except for spinetoram, these products were classified as selective. In this study, spinetoram was considered harmful to and, therefore, should be managed carefully in IPM programs combining this parasitoid. In order to safely use this insecticide, one should respect the interval of release of the parasitoid, which is 21 days after its spraying. The novel products tested, cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, and the entomopathogenic fungi were selective and non-persistent to . These products are possible replacements for non-selective insecticides to achieve higher control from both chemical and biological tools.