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Synapse-specific catecholaminergic modulation of neuronal glutamate release.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.
Norepinephrine in vertebrates and its invertebrate analog, octopamine, regulate the activity of neural circuits. We find that, when hungry, larvae switch activity in type II octopaminergic motor neurons (MNs) to high-frequency bursts, which coincide with locomotion-driving bursts in type I glutamatergic MNs that converge on the same muscles. Optical quantal analysis across hundreds of synapses simultaneously reveals that octopamine potentiates glutamate release by tonic type Ib MNs, but not phasic type Is MNs, and occurs via the G-coupled octopamine receptor (OAMB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeletion of metal transporter Zip14 reduces major histocompatibility complex II expression in murine small intestinal epithelial cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Center for Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Documented worldwide, impaired immunity is a cardinal signature resulting from loss of dietary zinc, an essential micronutrient. A steady supply of zinc to meet cellular requirements is regulated by an array of zinc transporters. Deletion of the transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) in mice produced intestinal inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConfined cell migration along extracellular matrix space in vivo.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Collective migration of cancer cells is often interpreted using concepts derived from the physics of active matter, but the experimental evidence is mostly restricted to observations made in vitro. Here, we study collective invasion of metastatic cancer cells injected into the mouse deep dermis using intravital multiphoton microscopy combined with a skin window technique and three-dimensional quantitative image analysis. We observe a multicellular but low-cohesive migration mode characterized by rotational patterns which self-organize into antiparallel persistent tracks with orientational nematic order.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGonadal sex and temperature independently influence germ cell differentiation and meiotic progression in .
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701.
In species with genetic sex determination (GSD), the sex identity of the soma determines germ cell fate. For example, in mice, XY germ cells that enter an ovary differentiate as oogonia, whereas XX germ cells that enter a testis initiate differentiation as spermatogonia. However, numerous species lack a GSD system and instead display temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncogenic IDH1 drives robust loss of histone acetylation and increases chromatin heterogeneity.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous tumors, mostly incurable, arising in the central nervous system (CNS) driven by genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic aberrations. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) enzymes are predominantly found in low-grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas, with IDH1 mutations being more prevalent. Mutant-IDH1/2 confers a gain-of-function activity that favors the conversion of a-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), resulting in an aberrant hypermethylation phenotype.
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