The physician assistant/associate (PA) role in Canada is slowly expanding from two provinces and 301 PAs in 2012 to five provinces with 959 PAs and 119 clinical assistants in 2022. This article reviews Canadian PA education, healthcare challenges, and future growth, providing a brief look at where in 2023 the 1,215 members of the Canadian Association of Physician Assistants are found, and some anticipated directions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000923588.97421.cf | DOI Listing |
J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Importance: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) present a notable economic burden on healthcare systems due to their management's reliance on multimodal, often costly interventions.
Objective: To determine total and relative healthcare costs for PAs at Ontario-based institutions.
Design: A retrospective, propensity-score-matched cohort analysis.
Circulation
January 2025
Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada (S.-E.L., Y.G., T.Y., T.S., M.M., C.R., M.S., S.B.-B., A.B., C.T., A.P., R.E.K., S.M., K.Y., F.P., S.P., O.B., S.B.).
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by obliterative vascular remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries (PAs) and progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure. Although several drugs are approved for the treatment of PAH, mortality rates remain high. Accumulating evidence supports a pathological function of integrins in vessel remodeling, which are gaining renewed interest as drug targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJCI Insight
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America.
The hERG1 potassium channel conducts the cardiac repolarizing current, IKr. hERG1 has emerged as a therapeutic target for cardiac diseases marked by prolonged actional potential duration (APD). Unfortunately, many hERG1 activators display off-target and proarrhythmic effects that limit their therapeutic potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Deep brain stimulation is an efficacious treatment for dystonia. While the internal pallidum serves as the primary target, recently, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been investigated. However, optimal targeting within this structure and its surroundings have not been studied in depth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Transl Med
January 2025
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease in which repetitive epithelial injury and incomplete alveolar repair result in accumulation of profibrotic intermediate/transitional "aberrant" epithelial cell states. The mechanisms leading to the emergence and persistence of aberrant epithelial populations in the distal lung remain incompletely understood. By interrogating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from patients with IPF and a mouse model of repeated lung epithelial injury, we identified persistent activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling in these aberrant epithelial cells.
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