Structural insights of (catla) myxovirus resistance protein,GTP binding recognition and constitutive expression induced with Poly I:C.

The Myxovirus resistance () proteins are critical effectors belonging to the super-family of guanidine triphosphatase, often stimulated by type I interferon (IFN) and mediates antiviral responses to restrict the replication of numerous viral genes in fishes. In teleosts, Mx proteins display diverse and complicated antiviral activity in different species. The present investigation seeks to characterize the Mx gene from upon induction by double-stranded (ds) RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, (poly I: C). Molecular modeling and all-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to understand the architecture of the GTPase domain and its plausible mode of GTP recognition in Mx protein. The full-length Mx (Mx) gene sequence (1821 bp nucleotides) encodes an open reading frame of 606 amino acids. Domain search indicated conserved tripartite domain architecture of Mx and forms a major cluster with the Mx from other teleosts. The positively charged Arginine and polar Glutamine residues from helix 3 and 4 of stalk region Mx aid in homo-oligomerization. MD simulation portrayed the role of conserved critical residues aid in GTP recognition by the GTPase domain which perfectly corroborates with experimental findings and prior MD studies. After injection of poly I:C, the temporal mRNA profile showed that Mx expression was significantly elevated in the spleen, brain, kidney, liver, muscle, heart, intestine, and gill tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that the elevated expression of the major innate immune defense gene Mx was able to inhibit the poly I: C mediated virulence in fish.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.