Outcome of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth Using 2 Intracanal Medications: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study.

Introduction: This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess and compare the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) in treating nonvital immature permanent teeth using 2 intracanal medicaments.

Methods: Forty-five patients yielding a total of 50 anterior and posterior nonvital immature teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups. REPs using either nonsetting calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]) (n = 25) or modified triple antibiotic paste (TAP) (n = 25) as intracanal medicaments were performed. NeoMTA Plus (Avalon Biomed Inc) was applied for coronal sealing. Cases were followed up clinically and radiographically for 36 months. The survival rate, success rate, and clinical outcome measures were analyzed. Preoperative and recall radiographs were evaluated for dimensional changes in root length, dentin thickness, apical diameter, and periapical radiolucency.

Results: At the 36-month follow-up, the success and survival rates were 81.6% and 100%, respectively, in which 79.4% of cases showed complete resolution of periapical radiolucency with no significant difference between the nonsetting Ca(OH) and modified TAP groups (P > .050). The cumulative changes in root length, root dentin thickness, and apical diameter throughout the study period were observed in 47.9%, 77.1%, and 89.6% of cases, respectively, with no significant differences between groups (P ≥ .39). Intracanal calcifications were detected in 60% of cases with no significant difference between groups (P = .77).

Conclusions: REPs, using either nonsetting Ca(OH) or modified TAP as the intracanal medicament, exhibited high success and survival rates over a follow-up period of 36 months with equally favorable clinical and radiographic outcome data.