Carpal Tunnel Release Performed during Distal Radius Fracture Surgery.

 Carpal tunnel release (CTR) may be concomitantly performed along with distal radius fracture open reduction internal fixation (DRF ORIF) to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome; however, there is little to no literature investigating the rate, risk factors, and complications associated with CTR.  The purpose was to determine (1) the rate of CTR performed at time of DRF ORIF, (2) factors associated with CTR, and (3) whether CTR was associated with any complications.  In this case-control study, adult patients who underwent DRF ORIF from 2014 to 2018 were identified from a national surgical database. Two cohorts were analyzed, (1) patients with CTR and (2) patients without CTR. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative complications were compared with determine factors associated with CTR.  Of the 18,466 patients, 769 (4.2%) had CTR. Rates of CTR in patients with intra-articular fractures with two or three fragments were significantly higher than the rate of CTR for patients with extra-articular fractures. Underweight patients underwent CTR at a significantly lower rate compared with overweight and obese patients. The American Society of Anesthesiologists ≥3 was associated with a higher rate of CTR. Male and older patients were less likely to have CTR.  The rate of CTR at time of DRF ORIF was 4.2%. Intra-articular fractures with multiple fragments were strongly associated with CTR at time of DRF ORIF, while being underweight, elderly, and male were associated with lower rates of CTR. These findings should be considered when developing clinical guidelines to assess the need for CTR in patients undergoing DRF ORIF. This is a retrospective case control study and reflects level of evidence III.