AI Article Synopsis

  • Empagliflozin (EMP) is an oral medication for managing type 2 diabetes, and its interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied to understand its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • EMP affects BSA's fluorescence through a combination of static and dynamic mechanisms, as shown by various spectroscopy techniques that confirm changes in BSA's secondary structure when bound to EMP.
  • Thermodynamic analysis and molecular docking indicate that EMP binds to BSA effectively, with favorable conditions for this interaction and a proposed method for quantifying EMP in biological samples.

Article Abstract

Empagliflozin (EMP) is an oral antihyperglycemic agent for type 2 diabetic patients. The molecular binding of EMP to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was elucidated by a combined experimental/computational approach to fulfil the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics gaps of the cited drug for further development. Fluorescence, synchronous, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy verified that EMP quenched BSA native fluorescence through a dual static/dynamic mechanism that was further supported by Fӧrster resonance energy transfer and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the conformational variations in BSA secondary structure induced by EMP. Thermodynamic properties of the BSA-EMP complex were also investigated, and the hydrophobic interactions' role in the binding process was demonstrated by the computed enthalpy (ΔH = 6.558 kJ mol ) and entropy (ΔS = 69.333 J mol  K ). Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values were negative at three distinct temperatures, illuminating the spontaneity of this interaction. In addition, molecular docking studies depicted the optimal fitting of EMP to BSA on Site I (sub-domain IIA) through three hydrogen bonds. Additionally, and based on the quenching effect of EMP on BSA fluorescence, this study suggests a simple validated spectrofluorometric method for the quantitation of the studied drug in bulk form and human plasma samples with reasonable recoveries (96.99-103.10%).

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.4526DOI Listing

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