Virtual Surgical Planning of Superior Orbital Rim Fractures in Calvarial and Maxillofacial Trauma.

Background: Superior orbital rim fractures are challenging fractures as they often concomitantly occur with additional calvaria fractures. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has been underutilized in this area of craniomaxillofacial trauma for reconstruction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to qualitatively describe the use of VSP and anatomically perfected stereolithic models in treatment of superior orbital rim fractures in combined neurosurgery/oral and maxillofacial surgery cases.

Study Design, Setting, Sample: This study is a retrospective case series of subjects who were treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital (July 2022 to November 2022). Inclusion criteria include subjects who had both calvaria and maxillofacial injuries requiring concurrent operative intervention on their superior orbital rim fractures and the use of VSP.

Predictor/exposure/independent Variable: Not applicable.

Main Outcome Variable: The outcome variable of interest is the difference in the planned position of the orbital rim repair compared to the actual position achieved.

Covariates: None.

Analyses: Heat map analysis was used to compare the difference in the planned position versus the actual position achieved.

Results: There were six orbits (five subjects, mean age 33.8 ± 21.49 years) that met the criteria. The mean difference in planned versus actual orbital volume achieved was 2.52 ± 2.48 cm. The superimposition of the postoperative scan to the planned simulation revealed 84% ± 3.27% of the voxel surface was within +2 and -2 millimeters of its planned position.

Conclusion And Relevance: This study has demonstrated the use of VSP in combined neurosurgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures in the fixation of superior orbital rim fractures. This case series highlights that the postoperative position achieved in the six orbits was within 84% of the planned position.