Fairness in data-driven decision-making studies scenarios where individuals from certain population segments may be unfairly treated when being considered for loan or job applications, access to public resources, or other types of services. In location-based applications, decisions are based on individual whereabouts, which often correlate with sensitive attributes such as race, income, and education. While fairness has received significant attention recently, e.g., in machine learning, there is little focus on achieving fairness when dealing with location data. Due to their characteristics and specific type of processing algorithms, location data pose important fairness challenges. We introduce the concept of to address the specific challenges of location data and spatial queries. We devise a novel building block to achieve fairness in the form of . Next, we propose two mechanisms based on fair polynomials that achieve individual spatial fairness, corresponding to two common location-based decision-making types: and . Extensive experimental results on real data show that the proposed mechanisms achieve spatial fairness without sacrificing utility.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3565816.3565820 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Cancer
January 2025
Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Skin cancers, including melanoma and keratinocyte cancers, are among the most common cancers worldwide, and their incidence is rising in most populations. Earlier detection of skin cancer leads to better outcomes for patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been applied to skin cancer diagnosis, but many technologies lack clinical evidence and/or the appropriate regulatory approvals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Psychiatry Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Background: Mental illness is one of the top causes of preventable pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. There are many barriers that interfere with the ability of perinatal individuals to access traditional mental health care. Digital health interventions, including app-based programs, have the potential to increase access to useful tools for these individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Plast Surg
January 2025
Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
Objectives: There is no consensus on elective lymphatic dissection of the parotid and neck for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) due to challenges in detecting occult spread to these regions. This study aimed to summarize clinical data and evaluate correlations between risk factors, nodular metastasis, and the need for elective parotidectomy in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), and apocrine carcinoma (AC) of the head and neck, all with clear surgical margins and negative imaging results for regional metastases.
Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed 166 patients with CSCC, one with MCC, and one with AC of the head and neck, all treated surgically between September 2006 and July 2022.
Ann Plast Surg
January 2025
From the Birmingham Hand Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Background: Rates of recurrence, metastases, and mortality for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper limb have not been clearly defined.
Objective: We aimed to characterize these tumors and assess the long-term outcomes, comparing with current literature.
Methods And Materials: A retrospective review was performed on 100 consecutive primary cutaneous upper limb SCCs managed surgically by a single hand surgeon between 2012 and 2019.
H*10 neutron dosimetry (unlike gamma dosimetry), requires consideration of neutron energy spectra due to the 20× variation of the weight factor over the thermal-to-fast energy range, as well as the neutron radiation field dose rates ranging from cosmic, ~.01 μSv h-1 levels to commonly encountered ~10-200 μSv h-1 in nuclear laboratories/processing plants, and upwards of 104 Sv h-1 in nuclear reactor environments. This paper discusses the outcome of the comparison of spectrum-weighted neutron dosimetry covering thermal-to-fast energy using the novel H*-TMFD spectroscopy-enabled sensor system in comparison with measurements using state-of-the-art neutron dosimetry systems at SRNS-Rotating Spectrometer (ROSPEC), and non-spectroscopic Eberline ASP2E ("Eberline") and Ludlum 42-49B ("Ludlum") survey instrumentation.
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