Computer-Aided Diagnosis Systems for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Study.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) reported in their Cancer Facts and Figures 2021 that prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death among American men, with an average age of diagnosis being 66 years. This health issue predominantly affects older men and poses a significant challenge for radiologists, urologists, and oncologists when it comes to accurately diagnosing and treating it in a timely manner. Detecting PCa with precision and on time is crucial for proper treatment planning and reducing the increasing mortality rate. This paper focuses on a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CADx) system, which is discussed in detail with different phases specific to PCa. Each phase of CADx is comprehensively analyzed and evaluated based on recent state-of-the-art techniques in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. This study outlines significant research gaps and findings for every phase of CADx, providing valuable insights to biomedical engineers and researchers.