Purpose: Eccentric muscle actions generate high levels of force at a low metabolic cost, making them a suitable training modality to combat age-related neuromuscular decline. The temporary muscle soreness associated with high intensity eccentric contractions may explain their limited use in clinical exercise prescription, however any discomfort is often alleviated after the initial bout (repeated bout effect). Therefore, the aims of the present study were to examine the acute and repeated bout effects of eccentric contractions on neuromuscular factors associated with the risk of falling in older adults.
Methods: Balance, functional ability [timed up-and-go and sit-to-stand], and lower-limb maximal and explosive strength were measured in 13 participants (67.6 ± 4.9 year) pre- and post-eccentric exercise (0, 24, 48, and 72 hr) in Bout 1 and 14 days later in Bout 2. The eccentric exercise intervention was performed on an isokinetic unilateral stepper ergometer at 50% of maximal eccentric strength at 18 step‧min per limb for 7 min (126 steps per limb). Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to identify any significant effects (P ≤ 0.05).
Results: Eccentric strength significantly decreased (- 13%) in Bout 1 at 24 hr post-exercise; no significant reduction was observed at any other time-point after Bout 1. No significant reductions occurred in static balance or functional ability at any time-point in either bout.
Conclusion: Submaximal multi-joint eccentric exercise results in minimal disruption to neuromuscular function associated with falls in older adults after the initial bout.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05226-z | DOI Listing |
J Physiol Sci
January 2025
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 950-3198, Niigata, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences (IHMMS), Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 950-3198, Niigata, Japan.
We reviewed fundamental studies on muscular pain, encompassing the characteristics of primary afferent fibers and neurons, spinal and thalamic projections, several muscular pain models, and possible neurochemical mechanisms of muscle pain. Most parts of this review were based on data obtained from animal experiments, and some researches on humans were also introduced. We focused on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by lengthening contractions (LC), suitable for studying myofascial pain syndromes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroimage
January 2025
Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging, Universitat Jaume I, Castelllón de la Plana, Spain. Electronic address:
Introduction: Chronic exercise has been linked to structural and functional changes in the hippocampus and surrounding areas. However, less is known about how a single session of exercise can induce immediate effects that may contribute to these longterm changes.
Objective/methods: Resting-state fMRI was used to investigate changes in brain networks 19 minutes after a 20-minute bout of vigorous-intensity acute exercise.
Sports Med Health Sci
March 2025
Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA.
This study examined the repeated bout effect (RBE) on muscle damage markers following two bouts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in untrained individuals. Following familiarization, participants received 45 consecutive NMES to the biceps brachii at an intensity that produced low evoked force for the elbow flexors. Muscle damage markers (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], elbow range of motion [ROM], muscle soreness via visual analogue scale [VAS] scores, pressure pain threshold [PPT], and muscle thickness) were measured before (PRE), after (POST), 1 day after (24 POST), and 2 days after (48 POST) NMES.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
November 2024
Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
Objectives: This article compares metabolic, pancreatic, and gut-derived hormone responses to isomaltulose ingestion, before versus during submaximal sustained exercise, in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using automated insulin delivery systems.
Methods: In a randomized, cross-over trial, eight participants with T1D being treated with automated insulin pumps (five females, age: 47 ± 16 years, BMI: 27.5 ± 3.
Nucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 229 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Mammals withstand frequent and prolonged fasting periods due to hepatic production of glucose and ketone bodies. Because the fasting response is transcriptionally regulated, we asked whether enhancer dynamics impose a transcriptional program during recurrent fasting and whether this generates effects distinct from a single fasting bout. We found that mice undergoing alternate-day fasting (ADF) respond profoundly differently to a following fasting bout compared to mice first experiencing fasting.
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