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Unravelling neuronal and glial differences in ceramide composition, synthesis, and sensitivity to toxicity.
Commun Biol
November 2024
Sanofi, Rare and Neurologic Disease, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ceramides are lipids that play vital roles in complex lipid synthesis, membrane function, and cell signaling. Disrupted ceramide homeostasis is implicated in cell-death and several neurologic diseases. Ceramides are often analyzed in tissue, but this approach fails to resolve cell-type differences in ceramide homeostasis that are likely essential to understanding cell and non-cell autonomous contributions to neurodegeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApolipoprotein E Induces Lipid Accumulation Through Dgat2 That Is Prevented with Time-Restricted Feeding in .
Genes (Basel)
October 2024
Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the leading genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Most people have two ApoE-ε3 (ApoE3) alleles, while ApoE-ε2 (ApoE2) is protective from AD, and ApoE-ε4 (ApoE4) confers AD risk. How these alleles modulate AD risk is not clearly defined, and ApoE's role in lipid metabolism is also not fully known.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstablishment and Use of Primary Cultured Astrocytes from Alexander Disease Model Mice.
Int J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan.
Alexander disease (AxD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in (), which is predominantly expressed in astrocytes. Thus, AxD is a primary astrocyte disease. However, it remains unclear how mutations affect astrocytes and cause AxD pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCellular and transcriptomic changes by the supplementation of aged rat serum in human pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors.
Front Cell Dev Biol
October 2024
Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores how non-cell autonomous circulating factors in blood affect muscle mass and strength loss as humans age, using myogenic progenitors derived from human stem cells to analyze these effects during muscle cell differentiation.
- Researchers supplemented these progenitors with serum from either aged or young rats to observe differences in cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression.
- Findings showed that aged serum significantly reduced cell growth and myotube formation while altering gene expression profiles, suggesting that changes in blood composition with age may contribute to muscle deterioration.
Oncometabolites at the crossroads of genetic, epigenetic and ecological alterations in cancer.
Cell Death Differ
December 2024
Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.
By the time a tumor reaches clinical detectability, it contains around 10-10 cells. However, during tumor formation, significant cell loss occurs due to cell death. In some estimates, it could take up to a thousand cell generations, over a ~ 20-year life-span of a tumor, to reach clinical detectability, which would correspond to a "theoretical" generation of ~10 cells.
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