With the advent of major scientific and technological advancements in obstetrics and gynecology, surrogacy is quickly becoming a viable alternative to enable people of all genders to become parents. However, its path toward reality is still fraught with legal and ethical dilemmas. With the Surrogacy Act of 2021 coming into effect earlier this year, the present article aims to dissect the various legal nuances involved while also considering the societal norms governing the actual scenario at ground zero. Our review discusses the aspects of eligibility criteria, the health implications, the rights of the surrogate mother and the child born, the financial burden, and compensation. We aimed to bring attention to this act and its implications on marginalized segments of society, with an attempt to bring beneficial changes for them. In this review, we provide viable alternatives adopted across the globe to solve the identified issues to make the present act non-discriminatory and more rewarding to all involved beneficiaries.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37864 | DOI Listing |
EClinicalMedicine
October 2024
Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Patients with cancer expect prolonged life (overall survival, OS) or better life (quality of life, QOL) from cancer treatments. However, majority of new cancer drugs are now being approved not based on improved OS or QOL, but based on surrogate endpoints such as tumor shrinkage or delayed tumor progression. These surrogate endpoints, including their validity as a proxy for overall survival, differ based on disease settings and lines of treatment but in general, most surrogate measures have weak correlation with outcomes that matter to patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
November 2024
The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Israel. Electronic address:
This study explores the lived experiences of gay fathers in Israel who receive human milk donations for their infants born abroad through surrogacy. Unlike regulated milk banks, peer-to-peer milk sharing is an informal, unregulated practice often facilitated through online platforms, where health risks and personal trust become central concerns. Using a phenomenological multiple case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight families, yielding four main themes: (1) Interruption versus continuity, (2) Lack and compensation, (3) Inclusion and exclusion, and (4) Concrete and symbolic attributes of human milk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNiger Med J
November 2024
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Background: Establishing surrogate endpoints for overall survival (OS) may expedite assessment of new therapies in esophageal cancer (EC) and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). This study aimed to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) as a surrogate endpoint for OS.
Methods: Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database aged ≥66 years with resection after primary diagnosis of stage 2 or 3 EC/GEJC between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed (N = 925; median follow-up 26.
J Assist Reprod Genet
November 2024
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
This paper offers a comprehensive review of the gestational surrogacy process in the US, as well as internationally, focusing on the legal and ethical challenges that gestational carriers, intended parents, fertility providers, and OB/GYNs may face. The objective of this review article is to serve as an overview and provide information on legal, cultural, and ethical aspects of the decisions to pursue gestational surrogacy both for intended parents and gestational carriers in the US and globally. By understanding the surrogacy landscape and the obstacles, the surrogacy agencies and other involved parties can improve the surrogacy process to better serve all parties involved.
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