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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
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Background: A common method for diagnosing sarcopenia involves estimating the muscle mass by computed tomography (CT) via measurements of the cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) of all muscles at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level. Recently, single-muscle measurements of the psoas major muscle at L3 have emerged as a surrogate for sarcopenia detection, but its reliability and accuracy remain to be demonstrated.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 29 healthcare establishments and recruited patients with metastatic cancers. The correlation between skeletal muscle index (SMI = CSMA of all muscles at L3/height , cm /m ) and psoas muscle index (PMI = CSMA of psoas at L3/height , cm /m ) was determined (Pearson's r). ROC curves were prepared based on SMI data from a development population (n = 488) to estimate suitable PMI thresholds. International low SMI cut-offs according to gender were studied for males (<55cm /m ) and for females (<39 cm /m ). Youden's index (J) and Cohen's kappa (κ) were calculated to estimate the test's accuracy and reliability. PMI cut-offs were validated in a validation population (n = 243) by estimating the percentage concordance of sarcopenia diagnoses with the SMI thresholds.
Results: Seven hundred and sixty-six patients were analysed (mean age 65.0 ± 11.8 years, 50.1% female). Low SMI prevalence was 69.1%. Correlation between the SMI and PMI for the entire population was 0.69 (n = 731, P < 0.01). PMI cut-offs for sarcopenia were estimated in the development population at <6.6cm /m in males and at <4.8 cm /m for females. The J and κ coefficients for PMI diagnostic tests were weak. The PMI cut-offs were tested in the validation population where 33.3% of the PMI measurements were dichotomously discordant.
Conclusions: A diagnostic test employing single-muscle measurements of the psoas major muscle as a surrogate for sarcopenia detection was evaluated but found to be unreliable. The CSMA of all muscles must be considered for evaluating cancer sarcopenia at L3.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401530 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13230 | DOI Listing |
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