Micromechanics and damage in slide-ring networks.

We explore the mechanics and damage of slide-ring gels by developing a discrete model for the mechanics of chain-ring polymer systems that accounts for both crosslink motion and internal chain sliding. The proposed framework utilizes an extendable Langevin chain model to describe the constitutive behavior of polymer chains undergoing large deformation and includes a rupture criterion to innately capture damage. Similarly, crosslinked rings are described as large molecules that also store enthalpic energy during deformation and thus have their own rupture criterion. Using this formalism, we show that the realized mode of damage in a slide-ring unit is a function of the loading rate, distribution of segments, and inclusion ratio (number of rings per chain). After analyzing an ensemble of representative units under different loading conditions, we find that failure is driven by damage to crosslinked rings at slow loading rates, but polymer chain scission at fast loading rates. Our results indicate that increasing the strength of the crosslinked rings may improve the toughness of the material.