This article discusses the aspects of facial feminine affirmation surgery including forehead reconstruction, midface feminization, and lower face/neck feminization. We will present a brief history of gender affirmation. We discuss the anatomical differences between born XY males and XX females and discuss the subsequent procedures that aim at feminizing the face. The effects of silicone injections are also discussed as this was a trend in the past to feminize the face. Understandably so we discuss the anatomical differences as being a fluid expression and differences based on ethnic background.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2095-6292 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
The objective of the present study was to predict drug use among Iranian students on the basis of alexithymia, gender, age, and the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty. This research employed a descriptive-correlational approach (structural equation modeling). The statistical population included 400 high school students studying during the 2023-2024 academic year in the cities of Khorramabad and Ardabil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Purpose: Given the potential role of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) morphometry in the aetiology of primary acquired obstructions, it is imperative that clinicians have access to detailed anatomical information. The aim of this study was to determine normative data on nasolacrimal duct morphometry in the Turkish population sample and to provide guidelines for clinicians.
Methods: The study included retrospectively computed tomography images of a healthy Turkish population sample of 151 individuals, 79 of whom were female and 72 of whom were male.
Cien Saude Colet
January 2025
Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. Av. da Amizade s/n, Bairro Sal Torrado. 48605-780 Paulo Afonso BA Brasil.
The implementation of the Transsexualizing Process (TP) / Gender-affirming Surgeries (GAS) in the Unified Health System (SUS) was the result of social struggles by the LGBT community for sexual rights, the construction of gender identity, and bodily autonomy. The scope of this article is to analyze the advances and challenges of TP/GAS in the SUS, through a qualitative narrative literature review. In June 2022, searches were conducted in the Google Scholar, SciELO, and VHL databases to select scientific articles in Portuguese published in the last 10 years, excluding articles in foreign languages and other types of academic work such as reviews, undergraduate theses, dissertations, and/or graduate theses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vis Exp
January 2025
Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
Transgender (TG) people are individuals whose gender identity and sex assigned at birth do not match. They often undergo gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), a medical intervention that allows the acquisition of secondary sex characteristics more aligned with their individual gender identity, providing consistent results in the improvement of numerous socio-psychological variables. However, GAHT targets different body systems, and some side effects are recorded, although not yet fully identified and characterized.
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