AI Article Synopsis
- Ebolavirus causes Ebola virus disease (EVD), characterized by a high risk of transmission, particularly to healthcare workers, and has led to recurrent outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa since 1976.
- Symptoms of EVD can be non-specific—like fever and vomiting—making diagnosis challenging; however, it can also present with severe signs such as bleeding and bruising, requiring careful laboratory analysis for confirmation.
- Treatment primarily focuses on supportive care, and while there are FDA-approved monoclonal antibody treatments available, survivors may experience long-term health issues, highlighting the need for emergency clinicians to be well-versed in EVD management.
Article Abstract
Introduction: Ebolavirus, the causative agent of Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been responsible for sporadic outbreaks mainly in sub-Saharan Africa since 1976. EVD is associated with high risk of transmission, especially to healthcare workers during patient care.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide a concise review of EVD presentation, diagnosis, and management for emergency clinicians.
Discussion: EVD is spread through direct contact, including blood, bodily fluids or contact with a contaminated object. Patients may present with non-specific symptoms such as fevers, myalgias, vomiting, or diarrhea that overlap with other viral illnesses, but rash, bruising, and bleeding may also occur. Laboratory analysis may reveal transaminitis, coagulopathy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The average clinical course is approximately 8-10 days with an average case fatality rate of 50%. The mainstay of treatment is supportive care, with two U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved monoclonal antibody treatments (Ebanga and Inmazeb). Survivors of the disease may have a complicated recovery, marked by long-term symptoms.
Conclusion: EVD is a potentially deadly condition that can present with a wide range of signs and symptoms. Emergency clinicians must be aware of the presentation, evaluation, and management to optimize the care of these patients.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2023.04.037 | DOI Listing |
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