Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Historically, research on MS has focused on White persons with MS. This preponderance of representation has important possible implications for minority populations with MS, from developing effective therapeutic agents to understanding the role of unique constellations of social determinants of health. A growing body of literature involving persons of historically underrepresented races and ethnicities in the field of multiple sclerosis is assembling. Our purpose in this narrative review is to highlight two populations in the United States: Black and Hispanic persons with multiple sclerosis. We will review the current understanding about the patterns of disease presentation, genetic considerations, response to treatment, roles of social determinants of health, and healthcare utilization. In addition, we explore future directions of inquiry as well as practical methods of meeting these challenges.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041227 | DOI Listing |
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Ultrasound pupillometry for the detection of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD): Systematic evaluation in patients with optic neuritis and comparison with infrared video pupillometry.
PLoS One
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Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Purpose: A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a characteristic clinical sign of optic neuritis (ON). Here, we systematically evaluated ultrasound pupillometry (UP) for the detection of an RAPD in patients with ON, including a comparison with infrared video pupillometry (IVP), the gold standard for objective pupillometry.
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CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluid in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The role of Borrelia in neuroinfections.
J Vector Borne Dis
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İzmir Tınaztepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İzmir, Türkiye.
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School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperreflective retinal foci are associated with retinal degeneration after optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.
Eur J Neurol
January 2025
Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Background: Hyperreflective retinal foci (HRF) visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) potentially represent clusters of microglia. We compared HRF frequencies and their association with retinal neurodegeneration between people with clinically isolated syndrome (pwCIS), multiple sclerosis (pwMS), aquaporin 4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD), and healthy controls (HC)-as well as between eyes with (ONeyes) and without a history of optic neuritis (ONeyes).
Methods: Cross-sectional data of pwCIS, pwMS, and pwNMOSD with previous ON and HC were acquired at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
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