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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13024-023-00607-6 | DOI Listing |
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It is well known that activation of NMDA receptors can trigger long-term synaptic depression (LTD) and that a morphological correlate of this functional plasticity is spine retraction and elimination. Recent studies have led to the surprising conclusion that NMDA-induced spine shrinkage proceeds independently of ion flux and requires the initiation of protein synthesis, highlighting an unappreciated contribution of mRNA translation to non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling. Here we used NMDA-induced spine shrinkage in slices of mouse hippocampus as a readout to investigate this novel modality of synaptic transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole and modulation of various spinal pathways for human upper limb control in different gravity conditions.
PLoS Comput Biol
January 2025
Biorobotics Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Humans can perform movements in various physical environments and positions (corresponding to different experienced gravity), requiring the interaction of the musculoskeletal system, the neural system and the external environment. The neural system is itself comprised of several interactive components, from the brain mainly conducting motor planning, to the spinal cord (SC) implementing its own motor control centres through sensory reflexes. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether similar movements in various environmental dynamics necessitate adapting modulation at the brain level, correcting modulation at the spinal level, or both.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCatecholaminergic dysfunction drives postural and locomotor deficits in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy.
Cell Rep
January 2025
Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Understanding posture is crucial for how mammals move, and dysregulation of certain brain chemicals, specifically dopamine and noradrenaline, can lead to motor problems in diseases like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
- Research using a mouse model of SMA revealed that the loss of synapses in the spinal neurons, caused by non-cell autonomous mechanisms, contributes to motor dysfunction and postural issues.
- Restoring a specific protein (survival motor neuron) in either catecholaminergic or serotonergic neurons can improve movement, but significant postural issues only improve with restoration in both neuron types or treatment with l-dopa, highlighting new potential treatment strategies.
Unveiling Glutamate Dynamics: Cognitive Demands in Human Short-Term Memory Learning Across Frontal and Parieto-Occipital Cortex: A Functional MRS Study.
J Biomed Phys Eng
December 2024
Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Eng., School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Background: Acquiring new knowledge necessitates alterations at the synaptic level within the brain. Glutamate, a pivotal neurotransmitter, plays a critical role in these processes, particularly in learning and memory formation. Although previous research has explored glutamate's involvement in cognitive functions, a comprehensive understanding of its real-time dynamics remains elusive during memory tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrigendum: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor density underlies intraregional and interregional functional centrality.
Front Neural Circuits
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.
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