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Inadvertent human genomic bycatch and intentional capture raise beneficial applications and ethical concerns with environmental DNA. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Researchers highlight the concept of human genetic bycatch (HGB), which refers to capturing human DNA alongside intended species DNA through deep-sequencing methods.
  • * The recovery of high-quality human eDNA raises important ethical issues related to consent, privacy, and data ownership, necessitating further discussion and new regulations.

Article Abstract

The field of environmental DNA (eDNA) is advancing rapidly, yet human eDNA applications remain underutilized and underconsidered. Broader adoption of eDNA analysis will produce many well-recognized benefits for pathogen surveillance, biodiversity monitoring, endangered and invasive species detection, and population genetics. Here we show that deep-sequencing-based eDNA approaches capture genomic information from humans (Homo sapiens) just as readily as that from the intended target species. We term this phenomenon human genetic bycatch (HGB). Additionally, high-quality human eDNA could be intentionally recovered from environmental substrates (water, sand and air), holding promise for beneficial medical, forensic and environmental applications. However, this also raises ethical dilemmas, from consent, privacy and surveillance to data ownership, requiring further consideration and potentially novel regulation. We present evidence that human eDNA is readily detectable from 'wildlife' environmental samples as human genetic bycatch, demonstrate that identifiable human DNA can be intentionally recovered from human-focused environmental sampling and discuss the translational and ethical implications of such findings.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250199PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02056-2DOI Listing

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