Perceptual decisions are complete when a continuously updated score of sensory evidence reaches a threshold. In Drosophila, αβ core Kenyon cells (αβ KCs) of the mushroom bodies integrate odor-evoked synaptic inputs to spike threshold at rates that parallel the speed of olfactory choices. Here we perform a causal test of the idea that the biophysical process of synaptic integration underlies the psychophysical process of bounded evidence accumulation in this system. Injections of single brief, EPSP-like depolarizations into the dendrites of αβ KCs during odor discrimination, using closed-loop control of a targeted opsin, accelerate decision times at a marginal cost of accuracy. Model comparisons favor a mechanism of temporal integration over extrema detection and suggest that the optogenetically evoked quanta are added to a growing total of sensory evidence, effectively lowering the decision bound. The subthreshold voltage dynamics of αβ KCs thus form an accumulator memory for sequential samples of information.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38487-5 | DOI Listing |
Plants (Basel)
January 2025
College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiviral Res
January 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Liver Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Liver Fibrosis Engineering and Technology. Electronic address:
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Med
March 2025
Division of Innate Immunity, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.
Lysosomal stress due to the accumulation of nucleic acids (NAs) activates endosomal TLRs in macrophages. Here, we show that lysosomal RNA stress, caused by the lack of RNase T2, induces macrophage accumulation in multiple organs such as the spleen and liver through TLR13 activation by microbiota-derived ribosomal RNAs. TLR13 triggered emergency myelopoiesis, increasing the number of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCirc Arrhythm Electrophysiol
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.H., M.E.R., O.Y., G.N.K., N.O., T.K., L.N., D.L.P., K.C.S.).
Background: Power-controlled radiofrequency ablation with irrigated-tip catheters has been the norm for ventricular ablation for almost 2 decades. New catheter technology has recently integrated more accurate tissue temperature sensing enabling temperature-controlled irrigated ablation. We aimed to investigate the in vivo ablation parameters and lesion formation characteristics in ventricular myocardium using a novel temperature-controlled radiofrequency catheter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital Shandong University Jinan Shandong China. Electronic address:
Immune cell infiltration and keratinocyte (KC) hyperproliferation are characteristics of psoriasis. Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 (RSAD2) plays an integral role in the innate immune response and is associated with various immune-related diseases. However, RSAD2's expression and role in modulating immune responses in psoriasis remain unexplored.
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