Neurons in the mouse superior colliculus (SC) are arranged in a concentric orientation map, which is aligned to the center of vision and the optic flow experienced by the mouse. The origin of this map remains unclear. Here, we propose that spontaneous retinal waves during development provide a scaffold to establish the concentric orientation map within the SC and its alignment to the optic flow. We test this hypothesis by modeling the orientation-tuned SC neurons that receive ON/OFF retinal inputs. Our model suggests that the propagation direction bias of stage III retinal waves, together with OFF-delayed responses, shapes the spatial organization of the orientation map. The OFF delay establishes orientation-tuned neurons by segregating their ON/OFF receptive subfields, the wave-like activities form the concentric pattern, and the direction biases align the map to the center of vision. Together, retinal waves may play an instructive role in establishing functional properties of single SC neurons and their spatial organization within maps.
In the early stages of retinal development, a form of correlated activity known as retinal waves causes periodic depolarizations of immature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Retinal waves are crucial for refining visual maps in the brain's retinofugal targets and for the development of retinal circuits underlying feature detection, such as direction selectivity. Yet, how waves alter gene expression in immature RGCs is poorly understood, particularly at the level of the many distinct types of RGCs that underlie the retina's ability to encode diverse visual features.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the light-adapted (LA) electroretinogram (ERG) associated with paediatric amblyopia.
Method: A total of 220 eyes from 81 postoperative paediatric cataract patients and 29 healthy children were enrolled in four groups, namely controls, unilaterally amblyopic eyes, non-amblyopic fellow eyes and bilaterally affected eyes. Differences in LA ERG variables (peak time and amplitude of a- and b-waves and photopic negative response [PhNR]) were compared across groups, as well as their associations with visual acuity and changes in axial length.
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children's Health, Genetics, Metabolism, Beijing, 100045, China.
The study compares clinical and genetic features of two Chinese children with type I sialidosis to previously reported cases, aiming to gather more insights into the disorder.
The first patient, an 11-year-old girl, presented with short stature and vision problems linked to genetic mutations in the NEU1 gene, while the second patient, a 10-year-old boy, showed rapid weight gain and distinct visual impairments.
Upon analyzing a total of 71 cases from the literature, common symptoms identified include muscle spasms and ataxia, highlighting the diverse manifestations of this genetic condition.
Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., México.
Purpose: Growth hormone (GH) has neuroprotective effects that have not been evaluated in the mammalian visual system. This study tested the hypothesis that GH administration can promote retinal neuroprotection in an optic nerve crush (ONC) model in male rats.
Methods: The ON was compressed for 10 seconds, and bovine GH was injected concomitantly to injury for 14 days (0.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China. Electronic address:
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lycium barbarum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Gouqi and Danshen, LS) have led to their inclusion in the pharmacopoeia and healthcare systems of numerous countries globally. Traditional herbs known as LS are used in China to treat retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
