Laryngeal morphotypes have been hypothesized related to both phonation and to laryngeal pathologies. Morphotypes have not been validated or demonstrated quantitatively and sources of shape and size variation are incompletely understood but are critical for the explanation of behavioral changes (e.g., changes of physical properties of a voice) and for therapeutic approaches to the larynx. This is the first study to take this crucial step and results are likely to have implications for surgeons and speech language pathologists. A stratified human sample was interrogated for phenotypic variation of the vocal organ. First, computed tomography image stacks were used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of the thyroid cartilage. Then cartilage shapes were quantified using multivariate statistical analysis of high dimensional shape data from margins and surfaces of the thyroid cartilage. The effects of sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and body height on size and shape differences were analyzed. We found that sex, age, BMI and the age-sex interaction showed significant effects on the mixed sex sample. Among males, only age showed a strong effect. The thyroid cartilage increased in overall size, and the angulation between left and right lamina decreased in older males. Age, BMI and the age-height interaction were statistically significant factors within females. The angulation between left and right lamina increased in older females and was smaller in females with greater BMI. A cluster analysis confirmed the strong age effect on larynx shape in males and a complex interaction between the age, BMI and height variables in the female sample. The investigation demonstrated that age and BMI, two risk factors in a range of clinical conditions, are associated with shape and size variation of the human larynx. The effects influence shape differently in female and male larynges. The male-female shape dichotomy is partly size-dependent but predominantly size-independent.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34347-w | DOI Listing |
Front Oncol
December 2024
Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a machine learning model for predicting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) persistence after radical prostatectomy (RP).
Methods: Data from 470 patients who underwent RP at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Ten risk factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative PSA, biopsy Gleason score, total prostate specific antigen density (PSAD), clinical tumor stage, clinical lymph node status, seminal vesicle invasion, capsular invasion and positive surgical margin, were included in the analysis.
Front Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between RAP and infection in children in Wuhu, China as well as the risk factors for infection in this region.
Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, we randomly selected children aged 6-17 years who underwent health examinations at three public hospital examination centers in Wuhu city, Anhui Province, China.
Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo)
December 2024
Grupo do Joelho e Artroscopia, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
To compare the efficacy of fluoroscopy as an auxiliary method in genicular nerve block (GNB) with block guidance by anatomical parameters, without imaging aid, in reducing pain. A total of 23 patients underwent fluoroscopy-guided or anatomical parameter-based GNBs. We applied the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities' Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain at 6 time points (preblock, and after 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days, 28 days, and 90 days).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo)
December 2024
Divisão de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Jamil Haddad, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
The present study aimed to evaluate the metabolic profile of synovial fluid in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its correlation with clinical data. We collected synovial fluid samples from the knees of 50 subjects with KOA undergoing total knee arthroplasty from October 2019 to December 2020. For each patient, we evaluated the clinical data from the medical record, the radiographic osteoarthritis grade, and the preoperative fasting blood glucose levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: While considerable data on the alcohol drinking behavior of the general population are available for the United States and Europe, data from Asian countries are scarce. We attempted to estimate the social backgrounds and other factors associated with high Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores in Japan.
Methods: This web-based survey was conducted in 2023.
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