Swine disease elimination programs for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are commonly applied in the North American swine industry and may include the aerosolization of medium containing lung tissue to achieve population exposure prior to start. Field data has indicated M. hyopneumoniae PCR detection in pigs beyond 240 days post-herd closure (dphc; planned end of an elimination program) and is thought to contribute to disease elimination programs' failure. Here, the duration of M. hyopneumoniae detection in sows and replacement gilts following aerosolized lung homogenate exposure, as part of a dual disease elimination program, was determined. A subset of sows and gilts from a commercial sow herd and off-site gilt development unit were longitudinally sampled to collect deep tracheal catheter secretions at various times post-exposure. Samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae using a species-specific real-time PCR. A proportion of 58, 51, 52, 19, and 2% females were detected positive at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 dphc, respectively. Noteworthy, a greater proportion of gilts exposed at the off-site GDU were detected PCR positive for M. hyopneumoniae at each sampling event, compared to sows. In this study, assaying for genetic material in live female pigs showed extended detection of M. hyopneumoniae until at least 240 dphc. This data suggests persistence of M. hyopneumoniae longer than previously reported and highlights the importance of performing diagnostic testing to confirm negativity to the bacterium, prior to opening sow herds, especially late in the herd closure timeline.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109758 | DOI Listing |
J Neurovirol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved the outlook of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive therapy are still at higher risk for a range of comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), among others. Chronic inflammation and immune activation are thought to be an underlying cause of these comorbidities. Many of the factors thought to drive chronic inflammation and immune activation in HIV overlap with factors known to induce trained immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTob Control
December 2024
National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
The eradication of the commercial tobacco industry is a crucial goal for health and well-being, particularly from a public health and health justice perspective. The term 'eradication' is applied in epidemiology to mean the process and outcome of elimination of the-commercial tobacco industry as a human-made-agent of disease and death. In this commentary, we outline why the eradication of the tobacco industry is necessary, urgent and realistic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect Public Health
December 2024
Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address:
Background: Global strategies aim to eradicate HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by 2030. We aim to assess HIV and other STIs morbidity trends from 1992 to 2021 across BRICS-plus (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), which accounts for nearly half of the world population.
Methods: HIV and other STIs morbidity estimates were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
The article is devoted to the problems of implementation of the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The influence of the features of poliovirus infection and poliovirus vaccines on the course of the program, its successes and difficulties is considered, the issue of possibility of eradication this infection is discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To study the adverse reactions that develop as a result of complex antibiotic therapy in patients with non-tuberculous lung mycobacterial (NTML) and to determine methods for their elimination without compromising the effectiveness of NTML treatment.
Materials And Methods: Examined 147 patients with confirmed NTML, for which they received treatment in accordance with the results of drug susceptibility of the pathogen. Before and during treatment, a study of clinical, biochemical blood tests, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, external respiration function, ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys was performed.
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