Bimanual Motor Strategies and Handedness Role in Human-Robot Haptic Interaction.

Bimanual object manipulation involves using both hands to interact with objects in the environment, and the process requires the central nervous system to process sensory feedback and translate it into motor commands. Although there have been significant advancements in haptics and robotics, the kinematic strategies involved in bimanual coupled tasks are still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic interaction between hands during the manipulation of a shared object using two impedance-controlled exoskeletons programmed to simulate bimanual coupled manipulation of virtual objects. Twenty-six participants (right-handed and left-handed) were asked to use both hands to grab and place simulated objects in specific locations. The virtual objects were rendered with four different dynamic properties, affecting the manipulation strategies used to complete the tasks. The results showed that force asymmetries were related to movement direction and handedness preference, with right-handers exhibiting asymmetries related to movement direction and left-handers showing better control of the force applied between their hands. This is possibly due to their constant exposure to objects designed for right-handed use. Additionally, the haptic properties of the virtual objects influenced task performance in terms of timing and failure for all participants. This study demonstrates the potential of advanced technologies to provide realistic simulations of multi-joint movements involving the entire upper extremities. The findings have implications for the development of training programs for bimanual object manipulation tasks and the design of virtual environments that can enhance the learning process.