AI Article Synopsis

  • The Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, the only approved TB vaccine, does not effectively protect adolescents and adults from pulmonary TB, leading to around 1.6 million deaths each year.
  • New protein subunit vaccines show potential but often require multiple doses, complicating logistics and increasing the risk of people not returning for their shots.
  • Research demonstrates that combining a single dose of a new subunit vaccine candidate (H107e) with BCG significantly boosts immunity compared to multiple doses of H107e alone, suggesting that this co-administration could enhance TB vaccination efforts while reducing the number of necessary visits.

Article Abstract

The only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), fails to reliably protect adolescents and adults from pulmonary TB, resulting in ~1.6 million deaths annually. Protein subunit vaccines have shown promise against TB in clinical studies. Unfortunately, most subunit vaccines require multiple administrations, which increases the risk of loss to follow-up and necessitates more complex and costly logistics. Given the well-documented adjuvant effect of BCG, we hypothesized that BCG co-administration could compensate for a reduced number of subunit vaccinations. To explore this, we developed an expression-optimized version of our H107 vaccine candidate (H107e), which does not cross-react with BCG. In the CAF®01 adjuvant, a single dose of H107e induced inferior protection compared to three H107e/CAF®01 administrations. However, co-administering a single dose of H107e/CAF®01 with BCG significantly improved protection, which was equal to BCG co-administered with three H107e/CAF®01 doses. Importantly, combining BCG with a single H107e/CAF®01 dose also increased protection in previously BCG-primed animals. Overall, a single dose of H107e/CAF®01 with BCG induced long-lived immunity and triggered BCG-specific Th17 responses. These data support co-administration of BCG and subunit vaccines in both BCG naïve and BCG-primed individuals as an improved TB vaccine strategy with reduced number of vaccination visits.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10169149PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-023-00666-2DOI Listing

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