AI Article Synopsis
- Neuropsychiatric disorders, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to severe psychosis, can be linked to certain parasitic infections that affect the central nervous system.
- Certain parasites like those causing neuro-cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis can lead to neurological damage through various mechanisms, including lesions and inflammation.
- Effective diagnosis and treatment of these infections is crucial, particularly in endemic regions, and requires a thorough approach using various testing methods to improve patient outcomes.
Article Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to frank psychosis, have been associated with certain parasitic infections. The parasite may cause damage to the central nervous system in several ways: as a space-occupying lesion (neuro-cysticercosis), alteration of neurotransmitters (toxoplasmosis), generation of the inflammatory response (trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis), hypovolemic neuronal injury (cerebral malaria), or a combination of these. Certain drugs like quinacrine (mepacrine), mefloquine, quinolone, and interferon alpha which are used to treat these parasitic infections can further cause neuropsychiatric adverse effects. This review summarizes the major parasitic infections that are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and the pathogenesis involved in their processes. A high index of suspicion for parasitic diseases, especially in endemic areas, should be kept in patients presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms. A multidimensional approach to identification of the offending parasite using serological, radiological, and molecular tests is required not only to ensure proper and prompt treatment of the primary parasitic infection but also to improve the prognosis of patients by complete resolution of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.375424 | DOI Listing |
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