Gaps in care following first time seizure in an underserved region: A retrospective analysis.

Purpose: This study investigated the characteristics of patients presenting with the first-time seizure (FTS) and whether neurology follow-up occurred in a medically underserved area.

Methods: A retrospective study of adults with a FTS discharged from the Emergency Department (ED) at Loma Linda University between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 was performed. The primary outcome was days from the ED visit to the first neurology visit. Secondary outcomes included repeat ED visits, percentage of patients who had specialty assessment in one year, type of neurologist seen, and percentage lost to follow-up.

Results: Of the 1327 patients screened, 753 encounters met criteria for manual review, and after exclusion criteria were applied, 66 unique encounters were eligible. Only 30% of FTS patients followed up with a neurologist. The median duration for neurology follow-up was 92 days (range=5-1180). After initial ED visit, 20% of follow-up patients were diagnosed with epilepsy within 189 days, and 20% of patients re-presented to the ED with recurrent seizures while awaiting their initial neurology appointment. Reasons for lack of follow-up included: referral issues, missed appointments, and shortage of available neurologists.

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant treatment gap that a first-time seizure clinic (FTSC) could fill in underserved communities. FTSC may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with untreated recurrent seizures.