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Exceeding the limits of paediatric heat stress tolerance: the risk of losing a generation to climate inaction.
BMJ Paediatr Open
January 2025
Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are creating unprecedented climate-driven extreme weather, with levels of heat and humidity surpassing human physiological tolerance for heat stress. These conditions create a risk of mass casualties, with some populations particularly vulnerable due to physiological, behavioural and socioeconomic conditions (eg, lack of adequate shelter, limited healthcare infrastructure, sparse air conditioning access and electrical grid vulnerabilities). Children, especially young children, are uniquely vulnerable to extreme heat-related morbidity and mortality due to factors including low body mass, high metabolism, suboptimal thermoregulatory mechanisms and behavioural vulnerabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHematopoietic stem cell transplantation as rescue therapy for refractory autoimmune retinopathy: a case report.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare, potentially blinding retinal disease that remains a challenging condition to manage when resistant to conventional immune-modulatory approaches. We report clinical and electrophysiological improvement in a 49-year-old patient who underwent an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (aHSCT) for thymoma-associated AIR after experiencing progressive disease despite receiving periocular and systemic steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, baricitinib, tacrolimus, bortezomib, rituximab, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin. The aHSCT had two stages: (i) peripheral blood stem cell harvest following mobilization with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and (ii) conditioning regimen with plasmapheresis, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and anti-thymocyte globulin high-dose therapy, followed by autologous hematopoietic cell infusion of 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeparation and recycling of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant mixtures with fluoropolymer-coated hollow fiber membranes.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Wonderful Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
Many hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants used in air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment are being phased out based on international restrictions to reduce global warming. Over 1 billion kilograms of hydrofluorocarbons are in use, and recycling is imperative to preventing the release of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. We report on composite hollow fiber membranes that can efficiently separate a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane that is used worldwide in air conditioners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAerodynamic performance enhancement of centrifugal compressor using numerical techniques.
F1000Res
January 2025
Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Background: Centrifugal compressors are dynamic machines utilizing a rotating impeller, efficiently accelerate incoming gases, transforming kinetic energy into pressure energy for compression. They serve a wide range of industries, including air conditioning, refrigeration, gas turbines, industrial processes, and applications such as air compression, gas transportation, and petrochemicals, demonstrating their versatility. Designing a centrifugal compressor poses challenges related to achieving high aerodynamic efficiency, surge and choke control, material selection, rotor dynamics, cavitation, erosion, and addressing environmental considerations while balancing costs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFractional exhaled nitric oxide and respiratory symptoms in central sterile supply department workers exposed to different ventilation systems.
Int J Environ Health Res
January 2025
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Objective: To verify the association between different types of ambient ventilation in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) values, and respiratory symptoms of workers .
Methods: CSSD workers from five hospitals were evaluated in three different ventilation systems: negative air pressure, air conditioning, and natural ventilation. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was evaluated by The European Community Respiratory Health Survey.
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