MRI is an important and widely used imaging modality for clinical diagnosis. This article provides a concise discussion of the basic principles of MRI physics for non-radiology clinicians, with a general explanation of the fundamentals of signal generation and image contrast mechanisms. Common pulse sequences, tissue suppression techniques and use of gadolinium contrast with relevant clinical applications are presented. Knowledge of these concepts would provide an appreciation of how MR images are acquired and interpreted to facilitate interdisciplinary understanding between radiologists and referring clinicians.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pmj-2022-141998 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
The monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the class Poxviridae, is the causative agent of the zoonotic viral infection MPXV. The disease is similar to smallpox, but it is usually less dangerous. This study examines the evolution of the MPXV epidemic in Canada with an emphasis on the effects of control employing actual data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Theor Biol
January 2025
Faculty of Mathematics, Technion - IIT, Haifa, 32000, Israel. Electronic address:
The competitive exclusion principle in epidemiology implies that when competing strains of a pathogen provide complete protection for each other, the strain with the largest reproduction number outcompetes the other strains and drives them to extinction. The introduction of various trade-off mechanisms may facilitate the coexistence of competing strains, especially when their respective basic reproduction numbers are close so that the competition between the strains is weak. Yet, one may expect that a substantial competitive advantage of one of the strains will eventually outbalance trade-off mechanisms driving less competitive strains to extinction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDokl Biochem Biophys
January 2025
State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
Background: The effects of ionizing radiation (IR) involve a highly orchestrated series of events in cells, including DNA damage and repair, cell death, and changes in the level of proliferation associated with the stage of the cell cycle. A large number of existing studies in literature have examined the activity of genes and their regulators in mammalian cells in response to high doses of ionizing radiation. Although there are many studies, the research in effect of low doses of ionizing radiation remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Inform
January 2025
Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
Utilizing the growing wealth of chemical reaction data can boost synthesis planning and increase success rates. Yet, the effectiveness of machine learning tools for retrosynthesis planning and forward reaction prediction relies on accessible, well-curated data presented in a structured format. Although some public and licensed reaction databases exist, they often lack essential information about reaction conditions.
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