Standard surface specifications for mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors do not capture complex surface topography and often lose critical information by making simplifying assumptions about surface distribution and statistics. As a result, it is challenging to link surface specifications with optical performance. In this work, we present use of the pupil-difference probability distribution (PDPD) moments to assess general MSF surface errors and show how the PDPD moments relate to the relative modulation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.491408 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Computational Learning Theory Team, RIKEN-Advanced Intelligence Project, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Providing continuous wireless connectivity for high-speed trains (HSTs) is challenging due to their high speeds, making installing numerous ground base stations (BSs) along the HST route an expensive solution, particularly in rural and wilderness areas. This paper proposes using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to deliver high data rate wireless connectivity for HSTs, taking advantage of their ability to fly, hover, and maneuver at low altitudes. However, autonomously selecting the optimal UAV by the HST is challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Top Dev Biol
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington.
The active metabolite of vitamin A, all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), is critical for maintenance of many cellular processes. Although the enzymes that can synthesize and clear atRA in mammals have been identified, their tissue and cell-type specific roles are still not fully established. Based on the plasma protein binding, tissue distribution and lipophilicity of atRA, atRA partitions extensively to lipid membranes and other neutral lipids in cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Background: Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) boosts the antitumour immune response in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiota is a key host immunity regulator, affecting physiological homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
Objective: We aimed to investigate how FMD protects against CRC via gut microbiota modulation.
Physiol Behav
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, 1700 3(rd) Avenue, Huntington, WV 25703, USA. Electronic address:
With the rise in fast-food culture and the continued high numbers of tobacco-related deaths, there has been a great deal of interest in understanding the relationship between high-fat diet (HFD) and nicotine use behaviors. Using adult mice and a patch-clamp electrophysiology assay, we investigated the influence of HFD on the excitability of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons and pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) given their role in modulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine and natural rewards. We then examined whether HFD-induced changes in peripheral markers were associated with nicotine use behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharmacol
January 2025
Institute of Translational Biomedicine (ITBM), St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China; Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address:
Tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, octopamine and other trace amines are endogenous substances recently recognized as important novel neurotransmitters in the brain. Trace amines act via multiple selective trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) of the G protein-coupled receptor family. TAARs are expressed in various brain regions and modulate neurotransmission, neuronal excitability, adult neurogenesis, cognition, mood, locomotor activity and olfaction.
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