Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
One of the main key aspects in ensuring that a transplant evolves correctly is the sterility of the medium. Decellularized tracheal transplantation involves implanting an organ that was originally in contact with the environment, thus not being sterile from the outset. While the decellularization protocol (through detergent exposition [2% sodium dodecyl sulfate], continuous stirring, and osmotic shocks) is conducted in line with aseptic measures, it does not provide sterilization. Therefore, one of the main challenges is ensuring sterility prior to in vivo implantation. Although there are established gamma radiation sterilization protocols for inorganic materials, there are no such measures for organic materials. Additionally, the protocols in place for inorganic materials cannot be applied to organic materials, as the established radiation dose (25 kGy) would completely destroy the implant. This paper studies the effect of an escalated radiation dose in a decellularized rabbit trachea. We maintained the dose range (kGy) and tested escalated doses until finding the minimal dose at which sterilization is achieved. After determining the dose, we studied effects of it on the organ, both histologically and biomechanically. We determined that while 0.5 kGy did not achieve sterility, doses of both 1 kGy and 2 kGy did, with 1 kGy, therefore, being the minimal dose necessary to achieve sterilization. Microscopic studies showed no relevant changes compared to non-sterilized organs. Axial biomechanical characteristics were not altered at all, and only a slight reduction in the force per unit of length that the organ can radially tolerate was observed. We can therefore conclude that 1 kGy achieves complete sterilization of decellularized rabbit trachea with a minimal, if any, effects on the organ.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/64432 | DOI Listing |
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