This paper examines the conceptual and terminological overlap between theories and models of practical deliberation developed within the fields of Practical Reasoning (PR) and Practical Argumentation (PA). It carefully delineates the volitional, epistemic, normative, and social commitments invoked and explicates various rationales for attributing the label 'practical' to instances of reasoning and argumentation. Based on these analyses, the paper develops a new approach to practical deliberation called the Stakeholder Commitment Approach (SCA). By distinguishing between 'problem holder' and 'problem solver', and specifying the distributions of attributable commitments among the stakeholders, the SCA introduces an extension and refinement of the grounds for assigning the label 'practical' that brings PR and PA closer together.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-023-09901-w | DOI Listing |
Synthese
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK.
This paper explores the idea that deep disagreements essentially involve disputes about what counts as good reasoning, whether it is theoretical or practical reasoning. My central claim is that deep disagreements involve radically different paradigms of some principle or notion that is constitutively basic to reasoning-I refer to these as "basic concepts". To defend this claim, I show how we can understand deep disagreements by accepting the indeterminacy of concept-formation: concepts are not set in stone but are responsive to human needs, and differences in individuating and ordering concepts lead to clashes in paradigms of reasoning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Philos
January 2025
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
The longstanding view of doctors as scientists has been an emphasis in the MCAT and medical school training. However, the AAMC recommended recognizing the importance of social and behavioral science for medicine. There is also a growing realization that being a smart problem solver and the physician as scientist model emphasizes a cold cognitive problem-solving paradigm that overlooks other human capacities that may be critical to medical reasoning and decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, JPN.
Acute ischemic stroke, a medical emergency caused by reduced cerebral blood flow, results in brain cell damage. While commonly associated with older individuals, strokes can also occur in young and middle-aged adults, posing significant socio-economic and health challenges due to the long-term impact of the condition. This poses significant socio-economic and health challenges because stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrating GASMAN anesthesia simulation software with case-based learning (IGC) compared to traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) in teaching inhalation anesthesia to undergraduate anesthesiology students.
Methods: Fourth-year students from two academic years (2022, = 110; 2023, = 131) enrolled in a five-year anesthesiology program were assigned to either traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) or IGC groups. The LBL group received traditional lectures using PowerPoint slides, while the IGC group engaged with GASMAN anesthesia simulation software (a tool designed for anesthesia simulation and gas monitoring) combined with case-based learning.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol
January 2025
Rehabilitation Department, Jilin Electric Power Hospital, Changchun, China.
Rehabilitation assessments hold an irreplaceable role in the field of rehabilitative therapy. However, due to the subjectivity of traditional physicians and the variability of patient conditions, this leads to a lack of detailed grading and inaccurate assessment results. To address this issue, we developed an upper limb rehabilitation evaluation model.
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