We present a new graph-based method for small bowel path tracking based on cylindrical constraints. A distinctive characteristic of the small bowel compared to other organs is the contact between parts of itself along its course, which makes the path tracking difficult together with the indistinct appearance of the wall. It causes the tracked path to easily cross over the walls when relying on low-level features like the wall detection. To circumvent this, a series of cylinders that are fitted along the course of the small bowel are used to guide the tracking to more reliable directions. It is implemented as soft constraints using a new cost function. The proposed method is evaluated against ground-truth paths that are all connected from start to end of the small bowel for 10 abdominal CT scans. The proposed method showed clear improvements compared to the baseline method in tracking the path without making an error. Improvements of 6.6% and 17.0%, in terms of the tracked length, were observed for two different settings related to the small bowel segmentation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi52829.2022.9761423 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Marie Curie Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
To undertake a mixed-methodology implementation study to improve the well-being of men with gastrointestinal late effects following radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. All men completed a validated screening tool for late bowel effects (ALERT-B) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Score (GSRS); men with a positive score on ALERT-B were offered management following a peer reviewed algorithm for pelvic radiation disease (PRD). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at baseline, 6 and 12 months; and healthcare resource usage (HRU) and patient, support-giver, staff experience and acceptability of staff training (qualitative analysis) were assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Microbiol
January 2025
Animal and Agriculture Department, Hartpury University, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, UK.
Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) consisting of the rumen and hindgut (the small intestine, cecum and colon) in dairy calves play a vital role in their growth and development. This review discusses the development of dairy calf intestinal microbiomes with an emphasis on the impact that husbandry and rearing management have on microbiome development, health and growth of pre-weaned dairy calves. The diversity and composition of the microbes that colonize the lower GIT (small and large intestine) can have a significant impact on the growth and development of the calf, through influence on nutrient metabolism, immune modulation, resistance or susceptibility to infection, production outputs and behaviour modification in adult life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
January 2025
Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Unlabelled: In the gut, microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by intestinal epithelial cells are secreted into the lumen and can shape the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Crosstalk between gut microbes and the host plays a key role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases, yet little is known about how the miRNA-gut microbiome axis contributes to the pathogenesis of these conditions. Here, we investigate the ability of miR-21, a miRNA that we found decreased in fecal samples from IBS patients, to associate with and regulate gut microbiome function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Heat-stress-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses were important factors contributing to chicken intestinal damage. The purpose of this study was based on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Physalis Calyx seu Fructus (Jin Deng Long, JDL) to investigate its efficacy and mechanism in relieving chicken heat stress damage. Primary chicken embryo duodenum cells and 90 30-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicken were randomly divided into control and JDL groups to establish heat stress models and .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrohns Colitis 360
January 2025
Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), often results in significant morbidity among patients with moderate to severe forms. While biologics and small molecules are effective in inducing remission, many patients experience refractory disease or extraintestinal manifestations. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of dual-targeted therapy in IBD patients treated at the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center.
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