Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic, a high mortality rate (20-60%) of patients admitted to intensive care unit has been observed. Identification of risk factors can support the understanding of disease pathophysiology and the recognition of vulnerable patients, prognostication and selection of appropriate treatment.
Objective: Beyond characterisation of a local, critically ill COVID-19 population, analysis of the associations between demographic/clinical data and patient survival were investigated.
Method: Retrospective, observational study has been performed by recording demographic, clinical data and outcome parameters on patients with severe respiratory insufficiency caused by COVID-19.
Results: 88 patients were enrolled. Median age was 65 years and 53% of patients were male, median BMI was 29 kg/m2. Noninvasive ventilation was used in 81%, endotracheal intubation in 45%, prone positioning in 59% of all cases. Vasopressor treatment was introduced in 44%, secondary bacterial infection was detected in 36% of all cases. Hospital survival rate was 41%. Risk factors for survival and the effect of evolving treatment protocols were analyzed with multivariable regression model. A better survival chance was associated to younger age, lower APACE II score and non-diabetic status. Effect of the treatment protocol was found to be significant (OR = 0.18 [95% CI: 0.04-0.76], p = 0.01976) after controlling for APACHE II, BMI, sex, two comorbidities and two pharmaceutical agents (tocilizumab, remdesivir).
Conclusion: Survival rate was favourable if patients were younger, with lower APACHE II score and if non-diabetic. Low initial survival rate (15%) significantly improved (49%) in association with the protocol changes. We would like to facilitate Hungarian centres to publish their data and initiate a nationwide database to improve the management of severe COVID disease. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(17): 651-658.
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