Control of breathing in children varies with age and sleep state. There is overlap between central hypoventilation, autonomic dysfunction, and hypothalamic dysfunction in the rare disorders (congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and rapid-onset obesity, hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation). Other, more common disorders that typically present in childhood also include central hypoventilation and disordered ventilatory responses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.01.002 | DOI Listing |
Respir Physiol Neurobiol
January 2025
School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address:
Central and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CSA and OSA), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) disrupt breathing patterns, posing significant health risks and reducing the quality of life. Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) therapy offers adjustable inhalation and exhalation pressures, potentially enhancing treatment adaptability for the above diseases. This is the first-ever study that employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to examine the biomechanical impacts of BiPAP under four settings: Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP)/Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) of 12/8, 16/6, and 18/8 cmHO, compared to a without-BiPAP scenario of zero-gauge pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Pulmonol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Chest
December 2024
Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Background: Low-dose morphine may be prescribed to reduce chronic breathlessness in COPD. Subjective findings suggest morphine may influence breathlessness through sleep-related mechanisms. However, concerns exist regarding opioid safety in COPD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespirol Case Rep
December 2024
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan.
Anti-Hu antibody-related paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS), a rare disease primarily associated with small cell lung carcinoma, is characterized by diverse neurologic manifestations. Central sleep apnea, although rare, is specific to anti-Hu antibody-related PNS. Herein, we present a case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attributed to hypercapnic central sleep apnea and detail the subsequent workup that revealed anti-Hu brainstem encephalitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Sci
October 2024
Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK.
Rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare syndrome presenting in early childhood associated with a high risk of mortality between 50 and 60%. It is characterised by rapid, early onset of obesity between 1.5-7 years, along with central hypoventilation and hypothalamic dysfunction, such as central hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, disorders of sodium and water balance, growth hormone deficiency, adrenocortical insufficiency, or disorders of puberty and features of autonomic dysregulation.
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