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Immunosenescence: Aging and Immune System Decline.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA.
Immunosenescence, a systematic reduction in the immune system connected with age, profoundly affects the health and well-being of elderly individuals. This review outlines the hallmark features of immunosenescence, including thymic involution, inflammaging, cellular metabolic adaptations, and hematopoietic changes, and their impact on immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Thymic involution impairs the immune system's capacity to react to novel antigens by reducing thymopoiesis and shifting toward memory T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe 3 I's of immunity and aging: immunosenescence, inflammaging, and immune resilience.
Front Aging
October 2024
Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, United States.
As we age, our immune system's ability to effectively respond to pathogens declines, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This age-related deterioration affects both innate and adaptive immunity, compromising immune function and leading to chronic inflammation that accelerates aging. Immunosenescence is characterized by alterations in immune cell populations and impaired functionality, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections, diminished vaccine efficacy, and higher prevalence of age-related diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain inflammaging in the pathogenesis of late-life depression.
Hum Cell
October 2024
Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
Late-life depression (LLD) is a prevalent mental disorder among older adults. Previous studies revealed that many pathologic factors are associated with the onset and development of LLD. However, the precise mechanisms that cause LLD remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly- and life-long intake of dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) leads to transient tissue accumulation, increased gut sensitivity to inflammation, and slight changes in gut microbial diversity, without causing overt disease.
Food Res Int
November 2024
U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France. Electronic address:
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) accumulate in organs and are thought to initiate chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI), induce glycoxidative stress, drive immunosenescence, and influence gut microbiota. Part of the toxicological interest in glycation products such as dietary carboxymethyl-lysine (dCML) relies on their interaction with receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). It remains uncertain whether early or lifelong exposure to dAGEs contributes physiological changes and whether such effects are reversible or permanent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondrial Oxidative Stress Regulates FOXP3+ T-Cell Activity and CD4-Mediated Inflammation in Older Adults with Frailty.
Int J Mol Sci
June 2024
Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
In healthy older adults, the immune system generally preserves its response and contributes to a long, healthy lifespan. However, rapid deterioration in immune regulation can lead to chronic inflammation, termed inflammaging, which accelerates pathological aging and diminishes the quality of life in older adults with frailty. A significant limitation in current aging research is the predominant focus on comparisons between young and older populations, often overlooking the differences between healthy older adults and those experiencing pathological aging.
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