Synthesis, spectral characterisation, biocidal investigation, and molecular docking studies of 4-[(2-chloro-4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid derived triorganotin(IV) compounds.

Three triorganotin(IV) compounds, RSn(L), with R = CH (), -CH () and CH (), and LH = 4-[(2-chloro-4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid, were prepared and confirmed by various techniques. A five-coordinate, distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry was elucidated for tin(IV) centres both in solution and solid states. An intercalation mode was confirmed for the compound SS-DNA interaction by UV-visible, viscometric techniques and molecular docking. MD simulation revealed stable binding of LH with SS-DNA. Anti-bacterial investigation revealed to be generally the most potent, especially against and , i.e. having the lowest MIC values (≤0.25 μg/mL) compared to the standard anti-biotics vancomycin-HCl (MIC = 1 μg/mL) and colistin-sulphate (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL). Similarly, the anti-fungal profile shows exhibits 100% inhibition against and fungal strains and has MIC values (≤0.25 μg/mL) comparatively lower than standard drug fluconazole (0.125 and 8 μg/mL for and , respectively). Compound has the greatest activity with CC ≤ 25 μg/mL and HC > 32 μg/mL performed against HEC239 and RBC cell lines. The anti-cancer potential was assessed against the MG-U87 cell line, using cisplatin as the standard (133 µM), indicates displays the greatest activity (IC: 5.521 µM) at a 5 µM dose. The greatest anti-leishmanial potential was observed for (87.75 at 1000 μg/mL) in comparison to amphotericin B (90.67). The biological assay correlates with the observed maximum of 89% scavenging activity exhibited by . The Swiss-ADME data publicised the screened compounds generally follow the rule of 5 of drug-likeness and have good bioavailability potential.