We evaluated the effects of reciprocal peer tutoring combined with group reinforcement contingencies on the arithmetic performance of 12 underachieving fifth-grade students. Results indicated that the intervention increased the students' arithmetic performance to a level indistinguishable from their classmates during treatment and 12-week follow-up phases. Pre-, post-, and follow-up sociometric data indicated that the students who participated in the treatment groups increased their amount of peer affiliation with other treatment group members.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1986.19-93 | DOI Listing |
Noncoding RNA
January 2025
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Background: Despite tremendous advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1 infections, no cure or vaccination is available. Therefore, discovering novel therapeutic strategies remains an urgent need. In that sense, miRNAs and miRNA therapeutics have moved intensively into the focus of recent HIV-1-related investigations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZool Res
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail:
Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition. The gut microbiome, highly responsive to external environmental factors, plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species. Concurrently, the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
January 2025
Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, 46040, Türkiye.
Background: Walnut (Juglans regia L.) breeding programs aim to develop new genotypes that exhibit superior agronomic traits, including high yield, improved nut quality, and favorable phenological traits. One of the primary methods used in these programs is hybridization, which involves controlled crosses between selected parent varieties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Drug Policy
January 2025
Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
Though the United Nations deals with its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in blocs of 15 years at a time, "sustainable" indicates a longer-term focus, aiming at steady human progress, including in public health and welfare. But the alcohol history in many countries shows "long waves" of consumption, repetitively rising, then falling, then rising again. Underlying this dynamic are competing interests pushing in opposite directions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
School of Criminology, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China.
Introduction: Increasing evidence has shown that media violence exposure can influence individual aggression. However, the question of whether there is a causal relationship between media violence exposure and aggression remains complex and contentious. This study aims to examine the dynamic reciprocal relations between media violence exposure and aggression among junior high school students in China.
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