La-based adsorbents are widely used for controlling phosphate concentration in water bodies. In order to explore the effect of different B-site metals regulating La-based perovskites on phosphate adsorption, three La-based perovskites (LaBO, B = Fe, Al, and Mn) were prepared using the citric acid sol-gel method. Adsorption experiments showed that LaFeO exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for phosphate, which was 2.7 and 5 times higher than those of LaAlO and LaMnO, respectively. The characterization results demonstrated that LaFeO has dispersed particles exhibiting larger pore size and more pores than LaAlO and LaMnO. Spectroscopy analysis and density functional theory calculation results showed that different B-positions cause a change in the type of perovskite crystals. Among them, the differences between lattice oxygen consumption ratio, zeta potential and adsorption energy are the main reasons for the differences in adsorption capacity. In addition, the adsorption of phosphate by La-based perovskites were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm and pursues the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacities were 33.51, 12.31 and 6.61 mg/g for LaFeO, LaAlO and LaMnO, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was mainly based on inner-sphere complexation and electrostatic attraction. This study provides an explanation for the influence of different B sites on phosphate adsorption by perovskite.
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