Appropriate interpretation of various diagnostic tests for COVID-19 is critical, yet the association among rapid antigen tests, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and viral culture has not been fully defined. To determine whether rapid antigen testing correlates with the presence and quantity of replication-competent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in ambulatory adults, 626 adult participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional diagnostic study. Each participant had two anterior nasal swabs obtained for rapid antigen and RT-PCR testing and SARS-CoV-2 viral culture. The primary outcomes were the presence and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 growth in VeroE6-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells in asymptomatic and symptomatic ambulatory adults. In this cross-sectional study of 626 adult outpatients, the sensitivity of a single positive antigen test to identify replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 was 63.6% in asymptomatic and 91.0% in symptomatic participants. Viral culture titers were the highest at the onset of symptoms and rapidly declined by 7 days after symptom onset. The positive agreement of the rapid antigen test with RT-PCR at a cycle threshold less than 30 was 66.7% in asymptomatic and 90.7% in symptomatic participants. Among symptomatic participants a with a less than 30, a single antigen test had a positive agreement of 90.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.8% to 94.8%). There was 100% negative agreement as all 425 RT-PCR-negative participants had a negative antigen test. A positive antigen test in symptomatic adults with COVID-19 has a strong correlation with replication-competent SARS-CoV-2. Rapid antigen test results may be a suitable proxy for infectiousness. Do rapid antigen test results correlate with replication-competent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (i.e., infectious) virus? In this cross-sectional diagnostic study of 626 adults, the sensitivity of the antigen test to identify replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 was 63.6% in asymptomatic and 91.0% in symptomatic participants. Viral culture titers were the highest at the onset of symptoms and rapidly declined by 7 days after symptom onset. The positive agreement of the rapid antigen test with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR at a of less than 30 was 66.7% in asymptomatic participants and 90.7% in symptomatic participants. A positive antigen test may be an appropriate surrogate for identifying replication-competent virus in symptomatic individuals with COVID-19.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00064-23 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive success in modeling proteins. However, general-purpose "foundational" PLMs have limited performance in modeling antibodies due to the latter's hypervariable regions, which do not conform to the evolutionary conservation principles that such models rely on. In this study, we propose a transfer learning framework called Antibody Mutagenesis-Augmented Processing (AbMAP), which fine-tunes foundational models for antibody-sequence inputs by supervising on antibody structure and binding specificity examples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Recurrent missense mutations in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have been identified across various human cancers. Among these mutations, the active S310F mutation in the HER2 extracellular domain stands out as not only oncogenic but also confers resistance to pertuzumab, an antibody drug widely used in clinical cancer therapy, by impeding its binding. In this study, we have successfully employed computational-aided rational design to undertake directed evolution of pertuzumab, resulting in the creation of an evolved pertuzumab variant named Ptz-SA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Foot and Mouth Disease Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
The global public health risk posed by Salmonella Kentucky (S. Kentucky) is rising, particularly due to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in human and animal populations. This serovar, widespread in Africa, has emerged as a notable cause of non-typhoidal gastroenteritis in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
January 2025
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
To assess whether metabolic syndrome can be used as a reference index to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer (BC). Seventy cases of female BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment and surgical treatment at the Glandular Surgery Department of Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected, and clinical data such as puncture pathology were recorded. The clinical data were analyzed by 1-way analysis using the χ2 test, and further multifactorial logistic regression analysis was performed for statistically significant differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vector Borne Dis
January 2025
İzmir Tınaztepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İzmir, Türkiye.
Background Objectives: This study was compared the Borrelia antibodies and chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from cases diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), and pseudotumour cerebri (PTC).
Methods: A total of 43 CSF samples were collected from patients diagnosed with RRMS, RIS and PTC. We prospectively investigated Borrelia IgG and IgM antibodies in the CSF samples of the cases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) method, and CXCL13 levels by ELISA.
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