Mycorrhizal synthesis of with seven broad-leaved trees and .

Truffle cultivation is successfully applied throughout the world for several truffles of European origin. However, just two Chinese black truffles ( and ) have been cultivated with a favorable outcome so far. is a black truffle of significant economic relevance in China, but little is known about its mycorrhizal ecology and it is not cultivated in orchards yet. Here, we selected seven broad-leaved tree species (, , , , , , ), and one coniferous tree (), and inoculated them with spore suspension using axenically germinated seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The obtained mycorrhizae, well-developed, were analyzed from the morpho-anatomical and molecular points of view, and their main characteristics described. Synthesized mycorrhizae showed similar characters on all tree species, with a typical interlocking pseudoparenchymatous mantle and Hartig net, swollen appearance, yellow-brownish color, and long hyaline emanating hyphae with right-angle ramifications. These features are similar to those reported for mycorrhizae formed by related black truffle species. The successful mycorrhizal synthesis of on multiple trees species indicates that it has potential for cultivation in China.