Trace amines are endogenous molecules distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues that resemble common biogenic amines in terms of subcellular localization, chemical structure, and metabolism. Trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) is a kind of evolutionarily conserved G-protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates, in which TAAR1 is a functional regulator of monoamine transmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. TAAR1 is widely considered as a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia, depression and drug addiction. Moreover, TAAR1 is also expressed in peripheral tissues. The homeostasis imbalance of trace aminergic system can induce over-activation of peripheral immune system and central immune inflammatory response. TAAR1 modulators are becoming potential emerging drugs for the treatment of immune-related illnesses, because they may play a major role in the activation or modulation of immune response.
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Trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist reduces aggression in brain serotonin-deficient tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockout rats.
Front Psychiatry
December 2024
Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Introduction: Aggression and self-harm disproportionately occur in youths preoccupied with social status tracking. These pathological conditions are linked to a serotonin (5-HT) deficit in the brain. Ablation of 5-HT biosynthesis by tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockout (TPH2-KO) increases aggression in rodents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Clinically Oriented Review of New Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
December 2024
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna (EN), Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Current antipsychotics mainly target dopamine but often fail to address the complexity of schizophrenia and can cause significant side effects, highlighting a need for new treatments.
- Recent research is focusing on non-dopaminergic antipsychotics, such as muscarinic agonists and 5-HT2A antagonists, to offer better therapeutic options for schizophrenia.
- While new drugs like xanomeline-trospium have been approved, others like bitopertin and pimavanserin were halted in development, emphasizing the need for cautious evaluation of their efficacy and safety.
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1): an emerging therapeutic target for neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neurotraumatic disorders.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
Article Synopsis
- Trace amines are biologically active amines that resemble traditional monoamines and are quickly broken down by monoamine oxidases, leading to their presence in low quantities.
- TAAR1 is the primary receptor for trace amines, found in the central nervous system and peripheral areas, and plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission, making it a promising target for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
- Recent research highlights TAAR1's potential involvement in neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic disorders, suggesting it could also be a new therapeutic target for these conditions.
Triangulating evidence from the GALENOS living systematic review on trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists in psychosis.
Br J Psychiatry
December 2024
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
Background: Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists offer a new approach, but there is uncertainty regarding their effects, exact mechanism of action and potential role in treating psychosis.
Aims: To evaluate the available evidence on TAAR1 agonists in psychosis, using triangulation of the output of living systematic reviews (LSRs) of animal and human studies, and provide recommendations for future research prioritisation.
Method: This study is part of GALENOS (Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis).
Functional Analysis of TAAR1 Expression in the Intestine Wall and the Effect of Its Gene Knockout on the Gut Microbiota in Mice.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
Currently, the TAAR1 receptor has been identified in various cell groups in the intestinal wall. It recognizes biogenic amine compounds like phenylethylamine or tyramine, which are products of decarboxylation of phenylalanine and tyrosine by endogenous or bacterial decarboxylases. Since several gut bacteria produce these amines, TAAR1 is suggested to be involved in the interaction between the host and gut microbiota.
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