Background: GDM is always treated as a homogenous disease ignoring the different metabolic characteristics in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We assessed the effect of GDM on macrosomia based on the different characteristics of OGTT.
Methods: We retrospectively divided 998 GDM pregnant women into 7 groups, Group A1: abnormal OGTT; Group A2: abnormal OGTT; Group A3: abnormal OGTT; Group B1: abnormal OGTT; Group B2: abnormal OGTT; Group B3: abnormal OGTT; Group C: abnormal OGTT.
Results: The incidence of macrosomia in group C (21.92%) was higher than other groups. The OR of OGTT was significant (OGTT: OR = 1.577, 95% CI: 0.791, 3.145; OGTT: OR = 1.151, 95% CI: 0.572, 2.313; OGTT: OR = 1.346, 95% CI: 0.584, 3.101; OGTT: OR = 1.327, 95% CI: 0.517, 3.409; OGTT: OR = 0.771, 95% CI: 0.256, 2.322; OGTT: OR = 4.164, 95% CI: 2.095, 8.278) when comparing with OGTT. Subgroup analysis showed abnormal OGTT might contribute more to macrosomia in pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 24 kg/m than those with BMI < 24 kg/m.
Conclusion: The effect of abnormal OGTT on macrosomia was significantly greater than other OGTT characteristics, especially for those with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 24 kg/m. Individualized management of GDM based on OGTT characteristics and pre-pregnancy BMI might be needed.
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